Studies on penis size
While results vary slightly across reputable studies, the consensus is that the
mean human penis is approximately 12.9–15 cm (5.1–5.9 in) in length with a 95%
confidence interval of (10.7 cm, 19.1 cm) (or, equivalently, 4.23 in, 7.53 in).
[5][6][7]
Another reputable source claims that the relaxed (flaccid,
non-tumescent) human penis has an average length of only 4 inches
(10 cm) and a diameter of 1.25 inches (3.2 cm) (which would result in a
circumference of roughly 3.9 inches (9.9 cm) while fully erect ones have
an average length of 6 inches (15 cm) and a diameter of 1.5 inches
(3.8 cm), resulting in an erect circumference of 4.71 inches (12.0 cm).
[8]
The mean penis size is slightly greater than the
median size.
Length
One study found the mean flaccid penis length to be 3.5 inches (8.9 cm) (measured by staff).
[5] A review of several studies found average flaccid length to be 9–10 cm (3.5–3.9 in).
[9]
Length of the flaccid penis does not necessarily correspond to length
of the erect penis; some smaller flaccid penises grow much longer, while
some larger flaccid penises grow comparatively less.
[10]
The penis and scrotum can contract involuntarily in reaction to cold
temperatures or nervousness, referred to by the slang term "shrinkage",
due to action by the
cremaster muscle. The same phenomenon affects cyclist and exercise bike users, with prolonged pressure on the perineum from the
saddle,
and the straining of the exercise causing the penis and scrotum to
contract involuntarily. An incorrect saddle may ultimately cause
erectile dysfunction (see
crotch pressure for more information).
Stretched length
Neither patient age nor size of the flaccid penis accurately
predicted erectile length. Stretched length most closely correlated with
erect length.
[5]
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